Science Frontiers Catalog of Anomalies (Subjects) Strange reports * Bizarre biology * Anomalous archaeology From New Scientist, Nature, Scientific American, etc Archaeology Astronomy Biology Geology Geophysics Mathematics Psychology Physics

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E

GEOLOGY

EC	Chemical and Physical Anomalies associated with inner Earth

ECC CHEMICAL ANOMALIES

• ECC1   Anomalous Abundances of Some Noble Gases

ECD DEEP-DRILLING DISCOVERIES

• ECD1   Drilling Truth Confounds Surface Science

ECG STRUCTURAL ANOMALIES INDICATED BY GRAVITATIONAL ANOMALIES

• ECG1   Remarkable Gravity Anomalies
• ECG2   Gravity Trends That Challenge the Continent-Accretion Model
• ECG3   Gravity Data Indicating Large Mantle Inhomogeneities
• ECG4   Anomalous Gravity Signals Following Earthquakes

ECH HEAT-FLOW ANOMALIES

• ECH1   Mid-Plate Volcanism
• ECH2   Hawaiian Hot-Spot Tracks
• ECH3   Dearth of Continental Hot Spots
• ECH4   Non-Random Distribution of Hot Spots
• ECH5   Thermal Plumes Correlated with Other Geophysical Activity

EQ	SEISMIC PROBING OF INNER EARTH

EQA LOCALIZED STRUCTURES IN THE CORE AND MANTLE

• EQA1   Stratification of Basement Rocks
• EQA2   Deep Continental Roots
• EQA3   Deep Penetration of Subducted Slabs
• EQA4   Lateral Inhomogeneities in the Lower Mantle
• EQA5   Mysterious Structures at the Core-Mantle Boundary
• EQA6   Seismic Reflectors

EQD SEISMIC DETECTION OF LARGE SCALE DISCONTINUITIES, ZONES, STRUCTURES

• EQD1   Velocity Discontinuities
• EQD2   Channels and Zones
• EQD3   Structural Anomalies of the Inner Core
• EQD4   Anomalies Associated with Mantle Convection Cells

EQQ ANOMALOUS SEISMIC SIGNALS

• EQQ1   Deep-Focus Earthquakes

ES	STRATIGRAPHIC ANOMALIES

ESA EMBEDDED ACCRETION STRUCTURES

• ESA1   Cylindrical Structures in Rock and Unconsolidated Sediments
• ESA2   Spherical Aggregates
• ESA3   Concretions
• ESA4   Small Fused Structures
• ESA5   Geodes
• ESA6   Orbicules

ESB ANOMALOUS BIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA IN GEOLOGY

• ESB1   Biological Extinction Events
• ESB2   Biological Explosion Events
• ESB3   Recent Vegetation and Shallow Water Fossils at Great Depths
• ESB4   Long-Buried, Undecomposed Organic Matter
• ESB5   Living and Fossil Marine Organisms Found Far Inland
• ESB6   Living Organisms and Recent Fossils at Very High Altitudes
• ESB7   Growth Structures on Marine Organisms and Their Fossils
• ESB8   Animals Entombed in Rocks
• ESB9   Living Organisms at Great Depths
• ESB10 Fossils of Warm-Climate, Light Dependent Organisms Found in the Polar Regions
• ESB11 Time-Wise Anomalous Fossils
• ESB12 Skipping in the Fossil Record
• ESB13 "Special" Nature of Fossils

ESC ANOMALOUS CHEMICAL PHENOMENA IN GEOLOGY

• ESC1   Chemical Anomalies in the Stratigraphic Record
• ESC2   Chemical Anomalies in Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks
• ESC3   Surface Films on Rocks
• ESC4   Spontaneous, Rapid, Exothermic Reactions in Nature
• ESC5   Death Gulches
• ESC6   Violent Lake Turnovers
• ESC7   Petrifactions and Lignifications
• ESC8   Geological Effects of Natural Combustion
• ESC9   Rocks and Sediments of Controverted Origins
• ESC10 Unusual Growth Structures
• ESC11 Possible Extraterrestrial Origin of Ocean Water
• ESC12 Chemical Anomalies of Lakes and Ground Water
• ESC13 Petroleum Anomalies
• ESC14 Coal Anomalies
• ESC15 Outgassing of Radon-222
• ESC16 Methane Anomalies

ESD DEPOSITS OF REMARKABLE SIZE

• ESD1   Bone Caves, Bone Caches,...
• ESD2   Bone Beds, Fish Beds,...
• ESD3   Sedimentary Deposits of Exceptional Volume
• ESD4   Historical Evidence for Large Scale Flooding
• ESD5   Recent Large Reductions of Polar Ice Cover
• ESD6   Giant Basalt Flows and Traps
• ESD7   Giant Accumulations of Oil
• ESD8   Giant Erratics and Megabreccias
• ESD9   Deposits of Great Areal Extent

ESI INCLUSIONS

• ESI1   Inclusions in Crystals
• ESI2   Microdebris
• ESI3   Erratic Boulders, Stones, and Mineral Patches
• ESI4   Anomalous Amber Inclusions
• ESI5   Microfossil-Like Inclusions
• ESI6   Oil in Fossil Cavities
• ESI7   Carbon Dust on Fossil Plants
• ESI8   Great Rarity of Fossil Meteorites and Tektites
• ESI9   Stretched Pebbles

ESM ANOMALOUS SUPERFICIAL GEOLOGICAL MATERIALS

• ESM1   Unusual Superficial Aggregations of Rocks
• ESM2   Strewn Fields of Natural Glasses
• ESM3   Tektite and Microtektite Paradoxes and Anomalies
• ESM4   Boulder Trains and Belts
• ESM5   Rock Glaciers, Block Fields,...
• ESM6   Elevated Erratics...
• ESM7   Anomalous Glacial Drift
• ESM8   Fluidized Debris Slides
• ESM9   Surging Glaciers
• ESM10 Driftless Enclaves within Glaciated Regions
• ESM11 Anomalous Rock Motion
• ESM12 Superficial Rocky Debris of Doubtful Provenance

ESP ANOMALOUS PHYSICAL PHENOMENA IN GEOLOGY

• ESP1   Anomalous Radiohalos
• ESP2   Flexible Rocks
• ESP3   Unusually Colored Rocks
• ESP4   Noncrushing of Fossils in Sediment Compaction
• ESP5   Remarkable Polished Rocks
• ESP6   Ringing Rocks
• ESP7   Small-Scale Magnetic Anomalies
• ESP8   Frazil Ice, Anchor Ice,...
• ESP9   Long-Range Fine Structure In Strata
• ESP10 Jointing, Cleat, Crack Patterns
• ESP11 Shocked Mineral Grains at Geological Boundaries
• ESP12 Radiometric Dating Discordances
• ESP13 Natural Fission Reactors
• ESP14 Musical Sands
• ESP15 Luminous Rocks
• ESP16 Explosive Rocks
• ESP17 Dry Quicksand
• ESP18 Glacieres/Natural Refrigerators
• ESP19 Radioactive Fossils
• ESP20 Clustering of Mineralogical Dates in Time and Space
• ESP21 Random Cracking around Radioactive Inclusions

ESR PHENOMENA OF THE OUTER CRUST

• ESR1   Incompleteness of the Stratigraphic Record
• ESR2   Lateral Variations in Strata
• ESR3   Apparently-Inverted Strata
• ESR4   Near-Global Unconformities
• ESR5   Rythmites and Cyclothems
• ESR6   Undisturbed and Unconsolidated Ancient Sediments
• ESR7   Vertical Stacking of Deposits
• ESR8   Continent-Type Rocks in the Ocean Depths
• ESR9   Exotic Terranes
• ESR10 Long Belts of Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks

ESX PIERCEMENT STRUCTURES, INTRUSIVES, EXTERNAL IMPRESSIONS

• ESX1   Polystrate Fossils
• ESX2   Diapir Anomalies
• ESX3   Anomalies of Stigmaria
• ESX4   Perplexing Intrusives
• ESX5   Unusual Striations Attributed to Ice-Sheet Action
• ESX6   Anomalous Superficial Markings

ET	TOPOGRAPHIC ANOMALIES

ETB BAYS, LAKES, SMALL DEPRESSIONS

• ETB1   Oriented Lakes and Depressions
• ETB2   Anomalous Features of Potholes
• ETB3   Fluid-Vent Craters
• ETB4   Gilgai Topography
• ETB5   Mountain-Top Depressions
• ETB6   Horseshoe-Shaped Depressions
• ETB7   Cookie-Cutter Holes
• ETB8   "Bottomless" Pits
• ETB9   Large Assemblages of Glacial Kettles
• ETB10 Depressions in Chalk Country

ETC CRATERS, ASTROBLEMES, LARGE CIRCULAR STRUCTURES

• ETC1   Astroblemes (Starwounds)
• ETC2   Very Large Depressions of Probable Meteoric Origin
• ETC3   Hypothetical (and Still Undiscovered) Craters
• ETC4   Periodicity of Crater Ages

ETE RAISED BEACHES, FOSSIL CORAL REEFS, TERRACES

• ETE1   Raised and Submerged Beaches
• ETE2   Fossil Coral Reefs
• ETE3   Terraces along Rivers, Submarine Canyons, Sea-Floor Channels
• ETE4   Inland, High-Level Terraces and Erosion Surfaces
• ETE5   Periodically Created Beach Terraces

ETH GUYOTS, PLATEAUS, UNUSUAL MOUNTAINS

• ETH1   Flat-Topped Seamounts
• ETH2   Anomalous Oceanic Plateaus
• ETH3   Mountain Curiosities

ETL PLANET-SCALE TOPOGRAPHIC ANOMALIES

• ETL1   Land-Water Distribution
• ETL2   Anomalies of Island Arcs
• ETL3   Patterns of Lineaments
• ETL4   Relative Velocities of Continents
• ETL5   Indications of an Expanding Earth
• ETL6   Continental Fits -- Good and Bad
• ETL7   Topographical Anomalies and Continental Drift

ETM MOUNDS AND HILLS

• ETM1   Mima Mounds
• ETM2   Mounds in Gilgai Country
• ETM3   Mudlumps and Mud Islands
• ETM4   Drumlin Anomalies
• ETM5   Mounds of the Missoula Flood Surface
• ETM6   Fluid-Vent Mounds
• ETM7   Sandhills and Anomalous Dunes
• ETM8   Doughnut-Shaped Mounds
• ETM9   Dirt Cones on Ice Caps...
• ETM10 Ice-Cored Mounds in the Arctic
• ETM11 Blister-Like Structures
• ETM12 Curious Columnar Structures
• ETM13 Andes Ice Islands
• ETM14 Natural Beach Pyramids

ETP PATTERNED GROUND...

• ETP1   Patterned-Ground Anomalies
• ETP2   Rock Cities and Block Fields
• ETP3   Giant Expansion and Contraction Polygons

ETR ANOMALOUS RIDGES, MEGARIPPLES, ESKERS

• ETR1   Ridges and Ripples in Glaciated Regions
• ETR2   Esker Anomalies
• ETR3   Megaripples
• ETR4   Moving, Gravity-Created Ripples in Rock
• ETR5   Unusual Natural Dams
• ETR6   Lake Walls and Ramparts
• ETR7   Buried Ridges within Continental Margins
• ETR8   Desert Ridges of Unknown Origin

ETS CREVICULAR CRUSTAL STRUCTURE

• ETS1   Biological Evidence for Wide spread Crevicular Structure
• ETS2   Fluid-Filled Crevicular Structure at Great Depths
• ETS3   Seismic Evidence for Deep Crevicular Structure

ETV VALLEYS, CHANNELS, FURROWS

• ETV1   Submarine Canyon Anomalies
• ETV2   Sea-Floor Channels
• ETV3   Wind Gaps
• ETV4   Height Differences of Opposite River Banks
• ETV5   The Channelled Scablands
• ETV6   Apparently Youthful Rivers
• ETV7   Grand-Canyon Anomalies
• ETV8   Flume-Like Furrows on Continental Slopes
• ETV9   Labyrinthine Topography
• ETV10 Uneroded, Elevated Plains of Great Age
• ETV11 Incised Meanders

EZ	THE GEOMAGNETIC FIELD AND PALEOMAGNETISM

EZC MINOR PERTURBATIONS OF THE GEOMAGNETIC FIELD [GEZ]

• EZC1   Local Compass Anomalies
• EZC2   Magnetized Geological Features
• EZC3   Anomalies of Oceanic Magnetic Anomalies
• EZC4   Geographically-Specific Geomagnetic Anomalies
• EZC5   Earth-Current Anomalies

EZF CONFIGURATION ANOMALIES AND SECULAR VARIATIONS OF THE GEOMAGNETIC FIELD

• EZF1   Steady-State-Field Anomalies
• EZF2   Secular-Variation Anomalies
• EZF3   Problems of Geomagnetic-Field Generation

EZP PALEOMAGNETISM

• EZP1   Problems in Measuring and Interpreting Paleomagnetism
• EZP2   Anomalous Excursions and Reversals
• EZP3   Anomalies Implied by Paleopoles
• EZP4   Inconsistencies in Paleomagnetic Measurements
• EZP5   Correlations of Polarity Reversals with Other Phenomena